名师指导四级考试基础备考:核心语法(17)

一直在路上

3、将来时常用的表达方式
（1）单纯将来时用shall/will+动词原形表示。如：

I shall be twenty years old next year. 明年我就二十岁了。

Tomorrow will be September 10th. 明天是九月十号。

（2）“be going to +动词原型 ”这种形式用于人时表示打算，意图，也表示说话者确信无疑；用于物时表示可能或必然性。

They are going to get married in July. 他们打算七月份结婚。

Mr. Brown says he is going to buy a new car next year. Brown 先生说他们打算明年买辆新车。

His wife is going to have a baby. 他妻子要生小孩子了。

There is going to be a storm. 将有一场暴风雨。

Look！It’s going to snow. 看，要下雪了。

（3）“be to +动词原形 ”表示命令，安排，疑问句中表示征求意见。例如：

You are to clean the window. 你要擦窗。

The President is to arrive in Rome at three o’clock this afternoon. 总统今天下午三点到达罗马。

Am I to set to work? 要着手工作吗?

Is he to leave/come, too。 要他也走/来吗？

（4）“be about to +动词原形 ”表示即刻就要发生的动作。例如：

They are about to go out when it begins to snow. 他们正出去的时候开始下雪了.

The ship is about to sail。 船要扬帆起航了。

（5）现在进行时可表示将来。主要是表示“来，去，留，住，开始，结束 ”等意义的动词，如：come, end, leave, return, go, start, set out, meet, open, die, arrive。

We are going to Paris on Friday. We are leaving from London Airport. 我们星期五离开巴黎，我们从伦敦机场出发。

The poor dog is dying. 那条可怜的狗快要死了。

The tragedy is ending/beginning. 悲剧就要结束了/开始了。

4、现在完成时的用法

现在完成时强调的是现在的结果或影响，是个现在时态，不与明确表示过去某个时间的状语连用；常与 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, today, tonight, yet, this week, this year, for+时间名词，in the last three years, in the past three years, so far (到目前为止)，up till now (直到现在)， up to the present (直到现在) 等包括现在在内的时间状态语连用。例如：

Where have you been this year? 今年你去过哪里。

Up to the present, great changes have taken place. 到现在已经发生了巨大变化。

Did Mary come here for a visit? She has visited China twice since 1989.

5、过去完成时的用法

过去完成时表示动作发生在过去某个时间或动作之前。如果发生有两个动作都是在过去发生的，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时：

It is five years since I left middle school.（以现在为依据） 我离开中学到现在已经有五年了。

It was five years since I had left middle school.（以过去为依据） 我离开中学到那时已经有五年了。

By the end of last month they had already made 25 million dollars. 到上月底他们已经挣了两千五百万美元了。

The film had been on for minutes when he arrived at the cinema. 电影已经开始几分钟了他才到电影院。

注意：动词 expect, hope, mean, plan, suppose, think的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图。例如：

They had hoped to be able to come and see me. 他们本希望能来看我的。

I had thought to meet her there. 我想过（或我本想）在那里见她。

一直在路上

名师总结四六级常考短语和词组(4)